{"id":256712,"date":"2026-09-20T13:29:02","date_gmt":"2026-09-20T18:29:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/?p=256712"},"modified":"2026-09-22T13:37:05","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T18:37:05","slug":"lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\/","title":{"rendered":"Lott: FBI Undercounts Armed Citizens Who Stop Active Shooters"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-estimated-reading-time yoast-reading-time__wrapper\"><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__icon\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-icon=\"clock\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" style=\"display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.1em\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M12 8v4l3 3m6-3a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__spacer\" style=\"display:inline-block;width:1em\"><\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__descriptive-text\">Estimated reading time: <\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__reading-time\">3<\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__time-unit\"> minutes<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 id=\"h-\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The FBI\u2019s numbers suggest armed citizens rarely stop active shooters. John Lott and the Crime Prevention Research Center say the real figure is far higher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the CPRC, FBI reports identified 408 active-shooter incidents between 2014 and 2025. The FBI credited armed civilians with stopping 16 of them, or 3.9%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CPRC researchers built their own database using local news reports, police statements and other public records. They identified 615 qualifying incidents during the same period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Armed citizens reportedly stopped 225 of those attacks. That works out to 36.6%, according to the group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/cprc-armed-citizen-active-shooter-data-1024x683.png\" alt=\"Table comparing FBI active-shooter data with CPRC figures for armed-citizen interventions from 2014 through 2025.\" class=\"wp-image-256714\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/cprc-armed-citizen-active-shooter-data-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/cprc-armed-citizen-active-shooter-data-400x267.png 400w, https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/cprc-armed-citizen-active-shooter-data-150x100.png 150w, https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/cprc-armed-citizen-active-shooter-data-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/cprc-armed-citizen-active-shooter-data.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">CPRC\u2019s corrected dataset places armed-citizen interventions at 36.6%, compared with the FBI\u2019s reported 3.9%.  <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-the-gun-free-zone-factor\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Gun-Free-Zone Factor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The CPRC also separated locations where civilian firearm possession was prohibited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among 376 attacks occurring where guns were allowed, armed citizens reportedly stopped 199. That pushes the intervention rate to 52.9%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For 2025, the group places that figure at 58.3% in its analysis of locations where civilian carry was permitted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The argument is straightforward. Armed citizens cannot intervene with firearms when they followed rules requiring them to leave those firearms behind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-why-are-the-numbers-so-different\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Are the Numbers So Different?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is not simply a disagreement over percentages. It starts with which shootings qualify for the database.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The FBI defines an active shooter as someone actively killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area. Its reports exclude many shootings connected to gangs, drugs, domestic disputes, robberies, crossfire and self-defense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CPRC says it applied the same general definition but found numerous missed or misclassified incidents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The group also argues that the FBI sometimes labels armed congregants or employees as security personnel. That removes those interventions from the armed-civilian category.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-see-also-colt-cobra-vs-king-cobra-which-one-wins-in-2026\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">SEE ALSO:<a href=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/ready-strike-new-38-special-colt-cobra-full-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\" title=\"Lott: FBI Undercounts Armed Citizens Who Stop Active Shooters\"> Colt Cobra vs. King Cobra: Which One Wins in 2026?<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One example involves the 2019 West Freeway Church of Christ shooting in Texas. Volunteer church member Jack Wilson shot and killed the attacker. The FBI classified Wilson as security personnel, while CPRC counted him as an armed civilian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CPRC says the FBI also omitted 51 incidents where armed citizens prevented likely mass shootings. Researchers identified another 156 missed active-shooter cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those classification decisions dramatically change the final result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The FBI\u2019s reports are not designed to cover every shooting. However, Lott argues that journalists and policymakers frequently treat the agency\u2019s limited numbers as a complete national picture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CPRC has published its <a href=\"https:\/\/crimeresearch.org\/2026\/09\/massive-errors-in-fbis-active-shooting-reports-from-2014-2025-regarding-cases-where-civilians-stop-attacks-instead-of-3-9-the-correct-number-is-at-least-36-6-excluding-gun-free-zones-it-a\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\" title=\"Lott: FBI Undercounts Armed Citizens Who Stop Active Shooters\">case list and supporting links<\/a> so readers can examine the disputed incidents themselves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The bottom line depends heavily on the starting dataset. Using the FBI\u2019s list produces 3.9%. Using CPRC\u2019s expanded list produces at least 36.6%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:24px\"><strong><em>*** <a href=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\" title=\"Lott: FBI Undercounts Armed Citizens Who Stop Active Shooters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Buy and Sell on GunsAmerica!<\/a> ***<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The FBI\u2019s numbers suggest armed citizens rarely stop active shooters. John Lott and the Crime Prevention Research Center say the real figure is far higher.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":158,"featured_media":256714,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_specdata_upc":"","_specdata_placement":"manual","footnotes":""},"categories":[4024],"tags":[132,607,122],"featured":[],"hunt365":[],"class_list":["post-256712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-news","tag-buzz","tag-news","tag-r2kba"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lott: FBI Undercounts Armed Citizens Stopping Shooters<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"John Lott\u2019s CPRC says armed citizens stopped 36.6% of active-shooter incidents, far above the FBI\u2019s reported 3.9%.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lott: FBI Undercounts Armed Citizens Who Stop Active Shooters\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The FBI\u2019s numbers suggest armed citizens rarely stop active shooters. 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John Lott and the Crime Prevention Research Center say the real figure is far higher.","og_url":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\/","og_site_name":"Gun Reviews and News | GunsAmerica.com\/Digest","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/gunsamerica","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/gunsamerica","article_published_time":"2026-09-20T18:29:02+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-09-22T18:37:05+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":800,"url":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/cprc-armed-citizen-active-shooter-data.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Larry Z","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/GunsAmerica","twitter_site":"@gunsamerica","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Larry Z","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\/"},"author":{"name":"Larry Z","@id":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/#\/schema\/person\/e6de4369965cb544a9ebd9533bb9c06b"},"headline":"Lott: FBI Undercounts Armed Citizens Who Stop Active Shooters","datePublished":"2026-09-20T18:29:02+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-22T18:37:05+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\/"},"wordCount":424,"commentCount":1,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/cprc-armed-citizen-active-shooter-data.png","keywords":["Buzz","News","R2KBA"],"articleSection":["News"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\/","url":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\/","name":"Lott: FBI Undercounts Armed Citizens Stopping Shooters","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/cprc-armed-citizen-active-shooter-data.png","datePublished":"2026-09-20T18:29:02+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-22T18:37:05+00:00","description":"John Lott\u2019s CPRC says armed citizens stopped 36.6% of active-shooter incidents, far above the FBI\u2019s reported 3.9%.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/cprc-armed-citizen-active-shooter-data.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/cprc-armed-citizen-active-shooter-data.png","width":1200,"height":800,"caption":"CPRC\u2019s corrected dataset places armed-citizen interventions at 36.6%, compared with the FBI\u2019s reported 3.9%."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/lott-fbi-undercounts-armed-citizens-who-stop-active-shooters\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Lott: FBI Undercounts Armed Citizens Who Stop Active Shooters"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/#website","url":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/","name":"Gun Reviews and News | GunsAmerica.com\/Digest","description":"Gun Reviews, Industry News, and Product Reviews for Rifles, Pistols, Revolvers, Shotguns, Optics, and Ammunition. 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