{"id":190756,"date":"2023-06-15T10:12:32","date_gmt":"2023-06-15T14:12:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gunsamerica.com\/digest\/?p=180776"},"modified":"2023-06-15T10:12:32","modified_gmt":"2023-10-06T17:28:58","slug":"third-circuit-not-all-modern-felons-lose-second-amendment-rights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/third-circuit-not-all-modern-felons-lose-second-amendment-rights\/","title":{"rendered":"Third Circuit: Not All Modern Felons Lose Second Amendment Rights"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gunsamerica.com\/digest\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Third_Circuit.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-180777\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"yoast-reading-time__wrapper\"><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__icon\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-icon=\"clock\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" style=\"display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.1em\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M12 8v4l3 3m6-3a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__spacer\" style=\"display:inline-block;width:1em\"><\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__descriptive-text\">Estimated reading time:  <\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__reading-time\">5<\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__time-unit\"> minutes<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>By Dean Weingarten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On June 6, 2023, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, in the case <em><a href=\"https:\/\/casetext.com\/case\/range-v-lombardo\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"third-circuit-not-all-modern-felons-lose-second-amendment-rights\" title=\"Third Circuit: Not All Modern Felons Lose Second Amendment Rights\">Range v Lombardo<\/a><\/em>, issued an opinion:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Some felony convictions are not sufficiently based in the historical record to take away rights protected by the Second Amendment.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The opinion was agreed to by nine of the fifteen judges in the circuit.\u00a0 Readers are urged to read the entire 107 pages. Excerpts of the main opinion are included below from<a href=\"https:\/\/www2.ca3.uscourts.gov\/opinarch\/212835pen.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"third-circuit-not-all-modern-felons-lose-second-amendment-rights\" title=\"Third Circuit: Not All Modern Felons Lose Second Amendment Rights\">\u00a0the en banc decision.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-on-page-4-the-majority-opinion-gives-a-summation\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"third-circuit-not-all-modern-felons-lose-second-amendment-rights\" title=\"Third Circuit: Not All Modern Felons Lose Second Amendment Rights\" data-level=\"2\">On page 4, the majority opinion gives a summation:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-on-page-5-a-short-explanation-of-the-case\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"third-circuit-not-all-modern-felons-lose-second-amendment-rights\" title=\"Third Circuit: Not All Modern Felons Lose Second Amendment Rights\" data-level=\"2\">On page 5, a short explanation of the case:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-on-page-7-the-issuance-of-the-bruen-decision\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"third-circuit-not-all-modern-felons-lose-second-amendment-rights\" title=\"Third Circuit: Not All Modern Felons Lose Second Amendment Rights\" data-level=\"2\">On page 7 the issuance of the Bruen decision:\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-on-page-9-10-how-the-bruen-standard-applies\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"third-circuit-not-all-modern-felons-lose-second-amendment-rights\" title=\"Third Circuit: Not All Modern Felons Lose Second Amendment Rights\" data-level=\"2\">On page 9 -10, how the Bruen standard applies:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-on-page-15-the-government-has-not-carried-its-burden-of-proof\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"third-circuit-not-all-modern-felons-lose-second-amendment-rights\" title=\"Third Circuit: Not All Modern Felons Lose Second Amendment Rights\" data-level=\"2\">On page 15, the government has not carried its burden of proof:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-on-page-22-concluding-the-government-does-not-have-the-constitutional-authority-to-deprive-bryan-range-of-his-rights-protected-by-the-second-amendment\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"third-circuit-not-all-modern-felons-lose-second-amendment-rights\" title=\"Third Circuit: Not All Modern Felons Lose Second Amendment Rights\" data-level=\"2\">On page 22, concluding the government does not have the constitutional authority to deprive Bryan Range of his rights protected by the Second Amendment.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-conclusion\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"third-circuit-not-all-modern-felons-lose-second-amendment-rights\" title=\"Third Circuit: Not All Modern Felons Lose Second Amendment Rights\" data-level=\"2\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-on-page-4-the-majority-opinion-gives-a-summation\">On page 4, the majority opinion gives a summation:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;Bryan Range appeals the District Court\u2019s summary judgment rejecting his claim that the federal \u201cfelon-in-possession\u201d law\u201418 U.S.C. \u00a7 922(g)(1)\u2014violates his Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms. We agree with Range that, despite his false statement conviction, he remains among \u201cthe people\u201d protected by the Second Amendment. And because the Government did not carry its burden of showing that our Nation\u2019s history and tradition of firearm regulation support disarming Range, we will reverse and remand.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-on-page-5-a-short-explanation-of-the-case\">On page 5, a short explanation of the case:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>The material facts are undisputed. In 1995, Range pleaded guilty in the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County to one count of making a false statement to obtain food stamps in violation of Pennsylvania law. See 62 Pa. Stat. Ann. \u00a7 481(a). In those days, Range was earning between $9.00 and $9.50 an hour as he and his wife struggled to raise three young children on $300 per week. Range\u2019s wife prepared an application for food stamps that understated Range\u2019s income, which she and Range signed. Though he did not recall reviewing the application, Range accepted full responsibility for the misrepresentation.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-on-page-7-the-issuance-of-the-bruen-decision\">On page 7 the issuance of the <em>Bruen<\/em> decision:\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>While Range\u2019s appeal was pending, the Supreme Court decided New York State Rifle &amp; Pistol Ass\u2019n, Inc. v. Bruen, 142 S. Ct. 2111 (2022). The parties then submitted supplemental briefing on Bruen\u2019simpact. A panel of this Court affirmed the District Court\u2019s summary judgment, holding that the Government had met its burden to show that \u00a7 922(g)(1) reflects the Nation\u2019s historical tradition of firearm regulation such that Range\u2019s conviction \u201cplaces him outside the class of people traditionally entitled to Second Amendment rights.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-on-page-9-10-how-the-bruen-standard-applies\">On page 9 -10, how the <em>Bruen<\/em> standard applies:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;Applying that standard, Bruen held \u201cthat the Second and Fourteenth Amendments protect an individual\u2019s right to carry a handgun for self-defense outside the home.\u201d Id. at 2122.But the \u201cwhere\u201d question decided in Bruen is not at issue here. Range\u2019s appeal instead requires us to examine who is among \u201cthe people\u201d protected by the Second Amendment. U.S. Const. amend. II; see Bruen, 142 S. Ct. at 2157 (Alito, J., concurring) (\u201cOur holding decides nothing about who may lawfully 10possess a firearm . . . .\u201d); see also Eugene Volokh, Implementing the Right to Keep and Bear Arms for Self-Defense: An Analytical Framework and a Research Agenda, 56 UCLA L. Rev. 1443 (2009) (distinguishing among \u201cwho,\u201d \u201cwhat,\u201d \u201cwhere,\u201d \u201cwhen,\u201d and \u201chow\u201d restrictions).Range claims he is one of \u201cthe people\u201d entitled to keep and bear arms and that our Nation has no historical tradition of disarming people like him. The Government responds that Range has not been one of \u201cthe people\u201d since 1995, when he pleaded guilty in Pennsylvania state court to making a false statement on his food stamp application, and that his disarmament is historically supported.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-on-page-15-the-government-has-not-carried-its-burden-of-proof\">On page 15, the government has not carried its burden of proof:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>Because Range and his proposed conduct are protected by the Second Amendment, we now ask whether the Government can strip him of his right to keep and bear arms. To answer that question, we must determine whether the Government has justified applying \u00a7 922(g)(1) to Range \u201cby demonstrating that it is consistent with the Nation\u2019s historical tradition of firearm regulation.\u201d Id. at 2130. We hold that the Government has not carried its burden.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-on-page-22-concluding-the-government-does-not-have-the-constitutional-authority-to-deprive-bryan-range-of-his-rights-protected-by-the-second-amendment\">On page 22, concluding the government does not have the constitutional authority to deprive Bryan Range of his rights protected by the Second Amendment.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>Our decision today is a narrow one. Bryan Range challenged the constitutionality of 18 U.S.C. \u00a7 922(g)(1) only as applied to him given his violation of 62 Pa. Stat. Ann. \u00a7 481(a). Range remains one of \u201cthe people\u201d protected by the Second Amendment, and his eligibility to lawfully purchase a rifle and a shotgun is protected by his right to keep and bear arms. Because the Government has not shown that our Republic has a longstanding history and tradition of depriving people like Range of their firearms, \u00a7 922(g)(1) cannot constitutionally strip him of his Second Amendment rights. We will reverse the judgment of the District Court and remand so the Court can enter a declaratory judgment in favor of Range, enjoin enforcement of \u00a7 922(g)(1) against him, and conduct any further proceedings consistent with this opinion.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Several judges dissented. The arguments of the dissent are of two major thrusts. One is that <em>Heller<\/em> categorically held felons could be excluded from exercising Second Amendment rights. The other is power granted by modern interpretations of the Commerce Clause overrides the Bill of Rights. 70 of the 107 pages of the Opinion are in the dissents. There is a general flavor of preserving government power in the dissenting opinions, as well as justifying the power by means-ends tests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This case will likely be appealed to the Supreme Court. The Opinion strikes directly at the power of the government to define felonies at will and thus deprive large segments of the population of the rights protected by the Second Amendment, at will.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a92023 by Dean Weingarten: Permission to share is granted when this notice and link are included.<br \/><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/gunwatch.blogspot.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"third-circuit-not-all-modern-felons-lose-second-amendment-rights\" title=\"Third Circuit: Not All Modern Felons Lose Second Amendment Rights\">Gun Watch<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" style=\"font-size:24px\"><strong><em>*** <a href=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"third-circuit-not-all-modern-felons-lose-second-amendment-rights\" title=\"Third Circuit: Not All Modern Felons Lose Second Amendment Rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Buy and Sell on GunsAmerica!<\/a> ***<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Some felony convictions are not sufficiently based in the historical record to take away rights protected by the Second Amendment.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":115,"featured_media":180777,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_specdata_upc":"","_specdata_placement":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[244,25,240,1],"tags":[132,586,607],"featured":[],"hunt365":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-190756","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-2nd-amendment-r2kba","8":"category-current-events","9":"category-this-week","10":"category-uncategorized","11":"tag-buzz","12":"tag-column","13":"tag-news"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - 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