{"id":137996,"date":"2026-06-29T10:35:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T15:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gunsamerica.com\/digest\/?p=137996"},"modified":"2026-10-04T02:22:38","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T07:22:38","slug":"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\/","title":{"rendered":"5.7&#215;28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can&#8217;t Do"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.7&#215;28 ballistics depend heavily on barrel length. Factory 40 grain loads are rated at about 1,800 fps from a 5 inch pistol barrel, our chronograph showed slightly above 2,000 fps from a 9.6 inch KelTec KP50, and about 2,100 fps, roughly 390 ft-lbs, from a 16 inch Ruger LC Carbine. In our clear gel testing, 5.7 defensive loads fired from pistols penetrated 12 to 14 inches. That makes the 5.7&#215;28 a flat-shooting, low-recoil, high-capacity cartridge that clearly outperforms .22 WMR and .380 ACP on paper, but it is not a rifle round, even from a carbine. This guide sticks to what we and the ammo makers have actually measured. For gun picks, see our <a href=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/best-5-7x28-pistols\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\">best 5.7&#215;28 pistols<\/a> guide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-5-7x28-ballistics-at-a-glance\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\" data-level=\"2\">5.7&#215;28 Ballistics at a Glance<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-where-the-5-7x28-came-from\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\" data-level=\"2\">Where the 5.7&#215;28 Came From<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-velocity-vs-barrel-length-what-we-measured\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\" data-level=\"2\">Velocity vs Barrel Length: What We Measured<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-penetration-what-our-gel-testing-showed\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\" data-level=\"2\">Penetration: What Our Gel Testing Showed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-how-5-7x28-compares-with-22-wmr-and-380-acp\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\" data-level=\"2\">How 5.7&#215;28 Compares With .22 WMR and .380 ACP<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-pistol-and-carbine-the-shared-ammo-argument\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\" data-level=\"2\">Pistol and Carbine: The Shared Ammo Argument<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-what-the-5-7x28-can-and-cannot-do\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\" data-level=\"2\">What the 5.7&#215;28 Can and Cannot Do<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-7x28-ballistics-faq\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\" data-level=\"2\">5.7&#215;28 Ballistics FAQ<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-how-fast-is-5-7x28-from-a-pistol\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\" data-level=\"3\">How fast is 5.7&#215;28 from a pistol?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-how-much-velocity-does-a-carbine-add-to-5-7x28\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\" data-level=\"3\">How much velocity does a carbine add to 5.7&#215;28?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-how-much-does-5-7x28-penetrate\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\" data-level=\"3\">How much does 5.7&#215;28 penetrate?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-is-5-7x28-good-for-self-defense\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\" data-level=\"3\">Is 5.7&#215;28 good for self-defense?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-is-5-7x28-more-powerful-than-9mm\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\" data-level=\"3\">Is 5.7&#215;28 more powerful than 9mm?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-can-you-reload-5-7x28\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\" data-level=\"3\">Can you reload 5.7&#215;28?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-5-7x28-ballistics-at-a-glance\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.7&#215;28 Ballistics at a Glance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Typical bullet: 40 grain, with other weights available.<\/li>\n<li>5 inch pistol barrel: Speer rates its 40 grain Gold Dot at 1,800 fps and 288 ft-lbs at the muzzle, and Hornady rates its 40 grain Critical Defense at 1,810 fps and 291 ft-lbs. These are maker ratings.<\/li>\n<li>9.6 inch barrel, KelTec KP50: standard supersonic ammo chronographed slightly above 2,000 fps in our testing. Reduced-velocity suppressor ammo chronographed about 1,250 fps.<\/li>\n<li>16 inch barrel, Ruger LC Carbine: about 2,100 fps and roughly 390 ft-lbs in our testing.<\/li>\n<li>Penetration: 12 to 14 inches in bare clear gel from pistols with Hornady Critical Defense in our testing. Expansion was not measured.<\/li>\n<li>Pressure: SAAMI maximum average pressure of 48,500 psi, versus 35,000 psi for 9mm.<\/li>\n<li>Recoil: very light, with high magazine capacity, often 20 rounds in pistols and 40 or 50 in larger formats.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/IMG_4965-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"AR-15 with a CMMG Mk57 5.7x28mm upper and red dot\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-where-the-5-7x28-came-from\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where the 5.7&#215;28 Came From<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FN Herstal developed the 5.7x28mm in the late 1980s for its P90 personal defense weapon and later the Five-seveN pistol. The goal was a small, fast, light-recoiling round with more reach than pistol cartridges. For years, FN guns were nearly the only option. That changed as Ruger, KelTec, PSA, CMMG, SDS and others brought out pistols, carbines and uppers. NATO standardization of the cartridge was announced in 2021, as we covered in <a href=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/fn-5-7x28mm-nato-specification\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\">FN 5.7x28mm getting NATO specification<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-velocity-vs-barrel-length-what-we-measured\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Velocity vs Barrel Length: What We Measured<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Barrel length is the biggest factor in 5.7&#215;28 performance. Here is what our testing and maker ratings show for 40 grain class ammunition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>5 inch pistol: about 1,800 fps by maker rating. Speer rates its load at 1,651 fps and 242 ft-lbs at 25 yards.<\/li>\n<li>9.6 inch large-format pistol: slightly above 2,000 fps in our <a href=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/keltec-kp50-review-5-7x28mm\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\">KelTec KP50 review<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>16 inch carbine: about 2,100 fps and roughly 390 ft-lbs from the Ruger LC Carbine on a Caldwell VelociRadar at our <a href=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/back-to-school-the-5-7-fest-and-a-5-7x28mm-education\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\">5.7 Fest<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Suppressor ammo: about 1,250 fps from the KP50, which ran it without problems and was noticeably quieter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The pattern is clear. Going from a 5 inch to a roughly 10 inch barrel adds a few hundred feet per second. Going from 10 to 16 inches adds less, about another 100 fps in our measurements. The carbine gains real energy and a flatter trajectory, but it does not turn the 5.7 into a .223.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-penetration-what-our-gel-testing-showed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Penetration: What Our Gel Testing Showed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At our 5.7 Fest, defensive 5.7 loads fired from pistols averaged 12 to 14 inches of penetration in bare clear gel, and Hornady Critical Defense specifically penetrated 12 to 14 inches. We also fired the same rounds through a quarter-inch sheet of plexiglass in front of a torso-shaped gel block. All of them punched through the plexiglass and then penetrated about 6 to 7 inches into the torso gel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Important limits on that data:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bullets were not recovered, so expansion and weight retention were not measured.<\/li>\n<li>The test used clear synthetic gel, not calibrated 10 percent ordnance gelatin, and was not a full FBI protocol test with heavy clothing, wallboard, plywood and auto glass.<\/li>\n<li>It was one event with a limited number of shots.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The FBI uses 12 to 18 inches of penetration in calibrated gel as its standard. Our bare gel results land at the low end of that range. Treat them as a useful data point, not proof of how a given load will perform in a real defensive shooting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/IMG_4970-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"Skeletonized CMMG 5.7x28mm bolt carrier next to a standard AR-15 bolt carrier\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-how-5-7x28-compares-with-22-wmr-and-380-acp\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How 5.7&#215;28 Compares With .22 WMR and .380 ACP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Using maker ratings reported in our 5.7 Fest coverage, 5.7&#215;28 carries far more energy than other small, light-recoiling defensive rounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>5.7&#215;28, Hornady 40 grain Critical Defense: 1,810 fps and 291 ft-lbs from a 5 inch barrel.<\/li>\n<li>.22 WMR, Hornady 45 grain Critical Defense: 1,000 fps and 100 ft-lbs.<\/li>\n<li>.380 ACP, Hornady 90 grain Critical Defense: 1,000 fps and 200 ft-lbs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our 5.7 Fest tester concluded the 5.7 is a better defensive choice than .22 WMR or .380 ACP, but not superior to 9mm, because the smaller-diameter bullet should create a smaller wound channel. That is an informed opinion, not a measured result. For our own tested .22 WMR gel data, see <a href=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/22-magnum-for-personal-defense-is-the-juice-worth-the-squeeze\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\">.22 Magnum for personal defense<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-pistol-and-carbine-the-shared-ammo-argument\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pistol and Carbine: The Shared Ammo Argument<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article originally ran in 2021 as a look at the CMMG Mk57, a 5.7&#215;28 AR-15 upper, paired with the Ruger-57 pistol. The Mk57 we tested had a 16.1 inch barrel, CMMG&#8217;s radial delayed blowback system, a skeletonized bolt carrier and an oversized ambidextrous charging handle, and fed from 40 round magazines. The Ruger-57 has a 4.94 inch barrel and a 20 round magazine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The idea still holds. A 5.7 pistol and a 5.7 carbine share ammunition, and the carbine&#8217;s longer barrel adds roughly 300 fps over a 5 inch pistol rating. Our tester also found the guns easy to shoot and accurate, and in a rapid-fire demonstration at the Fest, a Tisas PX-5.7 went through 500 rounds of mixed brands in under seven minutes with zero failures to feed or eject. Our original <a href=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/ruger-57-the-best-ruger-handgun-in-5-decades-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\">Ruger-57 review<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/5-7-craze-fn-five-seven-full-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\">FN Five-seveN review<\/a> cover the pistols that started the trend. Today you can build that pairing many ways, from the <a href=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/psa-rock-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\">PSA 5.7 Rock<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/the-px-5-7-pistol-from-sds-arms\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\">SDS PX-5.7<\/a> to the <a href=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/keltec-p50-full-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\">KelTec P50<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/splitting-the-difference-between-the-lc-carbine-and-ruger-5-7\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"clickTracking\" campaign=\"5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\" title=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can't Do\">Ruger LC Carbine<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-the-5-7x28-can-and-cannot-do\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What the 5.7&#215;28 Can and Cannot Do<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What it does well:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Very light recoil, so fast, accurate follow-up shots.<\/li>\n<li>High capacity in a compact package.<\/li>\n<li>Flat trajectory for a pistol cartridge, especially from longer barrels.<\/li>\n<li>More energy than .22 WMR or .380 ACP by maker ratings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where it falls short:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ammo costs more than 9mm and selection is narrower.<\/li>\n<li>High pressure and bullet design mean suppressed guns often show first round pop and occasional hiccups.<\/li>\n<li>Cases are lacquered, and reloading 5.7 is generally not recommended.<\/li>\n<li>Even from a 16 inch barrel, it does not approach rifle cartridge velocity or energy.<\/li>\n<li>Independent, protocol-level defensive testing is still limited, so claims about stopping power should be treated with caution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-5-7x28-ballistics-faq\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.7&#215;28 Ballistics FAQ<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-how-fast-is-5-7x28-from-a-pistol\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How fast is 5.7&#215;28 from a pistol?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ammo makers rate typical 40 grain defensive loads at about 1,800 fps from a 5 inch barrel. Speer rates its Gold Dot at 1,800 fps and Hornady rates Critical Defense at 1,810 fps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-how-much-velocity-does-a-carbine-add-to-5-7x28\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How much velocity does a carbine add to 5.7&#215;28?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In our testing, a 16 inch Ruger LC Carbine produced about 2,100 fps, and a 9.6 inch KelTec KP50 produced slightly above 2,000 fps. That is about 200 to 300 fps over typical 5 inch pistol ratings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-how-much-does-5-7x28-penetrate\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How much does 5.7&#215;28 penetrate?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In our 5.7 Fest testing, defensive loads from pistols penetrated 12 to 14 inches of bare clear gel and about 6 to 7 inches into torso gel after passing through quarter-inch plexiglass. Expansion was not measured.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-is-5-7x28-good-for-self-defense\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is 5.7&#215;28 good for self-defense?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our testing showed adequate bare gel penetration and far more energy than .22 WMR or .380 ACP by maker ratings, with very light recoil and high capacity. Our tester did not consider it superior to 9mm. Choose a load with published, independent testing and practice with it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-is-5-7x28-more-powerful-than-9mm\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is 5.7&#215;28 more powerful than 9mm?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is faster, but it uses a much lighter, smaller-diameter bullet. We have not measured 9mm and 5.7 side by side, so we do not claim either is more effective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-can-you-reload-5-7x28\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can you reload 5.7&#215;28?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is generally not recommended. Factory cases are lacquered, and the high pressure leaves little room for error.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>These new guns, in tandem, have the capacity to shape the future. It has been impressive enough to make me re-evaluate the 5.7, and I hope it does you too. I have a feeling the little cartridge that could is just getting started.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":138118,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_specdata_upc":"","_specdata_placement":"manual","footnotes":""},"categories":[226,694,37],"tags":[2342,553,132,451,102,1032],"featured":[],"hunt365":[],"class_list":["post-137996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-clay-martin","category-gun-reviews","category-gun-reviews-rifles","tag-5-7","tag-ammo-test","tag-buzz","tag-cmmg","tag-feature-articles","tag-gun-review"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>5.7x28 Ballistics (2026) | GunsAmerica Digest<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"5.7x28 ballistics from tested data: velocity from 5, 9.6 and 16 inch barrels, gel penetration, how it compares with .22 WMR and .380, and its limits.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gunsamerica.com\/digest\/5-7x28-the-ultimate-survival-caliber\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"5.7x28 Ballistics: Pistol vs Carbine, What It Can and Can&#039;t Do\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"These new guns, in tandem, have the capacity to shape the future. It has been impressive enough to make me re-evaluate the 5.7, and I hope it does you too. 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